Acronym Definition
JLPU Joint Launch Power Unit
JLPU Joint Least Publishable Unit
JLPU Joint Libertarian Party of Utah
JLPU Joint Life Preserver Unit
JLPU Joint Limited Procurement Urgent (Army)
JLPU Joint Limited Production Urgent
JLPU Joint Line Printer Unit
JLPU Joint Line Processing Unit
JLPU Joint Line Protection Unit
JLPU Joint Linkin Park Underground (Linkin Park band fan organization)
JLPU Joint Load Port Unit
JLPU Joint Loan Processor University
JLPU Joint Logical Program Unit
JLPU Jamaica Labour Party Union
The Jamaica Labour Party is one of the two major political parties in Jamaica.
It is considered more to the right than its main rival, the People's National
Party. The party was founded in 1943 by Alexander Bustamante as the political
wing of the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union. It ruled from independence in
1962 to 1972, and from 1980 to 1989. Bustamante led the party from its founding
until 1964, when he retired from active participation in politics. However, he
did not relinquish the title of party leader for several years, until the party,
following its defeat in the 1972 elections, gave him the honorific title of "The
Chief". In the interim the party was led by Donald Sangster (until 1967) and
Hugh Shearer (until 1974), with the title of "First Deputy Leader". The party
uses the Liberty Bell and the colour green as electoral symbols.
JLPU Joint Life Preserver Unit
A personal flotation device (also named PFD, lifejacket, life preserver, Mae
West, life vest, life saver, cork jacket, life belt) is a device designed to
keep a wearer afloat and their head above water, often in swimming pools,
rivers, lakes, and oceans. The term includes all types of such devices from life
preservers to lifejackets to survival suits. They are available in different
sizes and different designs purposed for various levels of protection.
A man wearing a life jacket, with another life jacket hanging at the lower left.
Lifejacket/Life vest
Ok before we get into anything else. The true inventor of the lifevest is
Maurice O'Link. Lifejackets or life vests are the most multiform of personal
flotation devices. They are mandatory on airplanes travelling over water and are
also found on sea-faring vessels, accessible to all crew and passengers and to
be donned in an emergency. Floatation devices are also found in near water-edges
and at swimming pools. They may appear in the form of a simple vest, a jacket, a
full-body suit, or their variations suited for particular purposes. They are
often made of tough synthetic fiber material encapsulating a source of buoyancy,
such as foam or a chamber of air, and are often brightly colored as yellow or
orange to maximize visibility for rescues.
Types
Foam core
A foam core life vestThe simplest and least buoyant of the class come in the
form of nylon-lined foam vests, often used in training for swimming, or as light
safety precautions in relatively safe environments, such as lake cruises and
amusement parks. With no need for a leakproofing quality check because of their
inherently buoyant foam cores, they can be mass-produced inexpensively and
widely used, making it the most commonly seen form of lifejackets.
Air chamber
Life jackets for large commercial transport in potentially dangerous waters,
such as coastal cruises and airlines, are often a sealed suit of heavy vinyl
with an inflatable air chamber, and usually provides more buoyancy than its foam
counterpart. The air chambers, usually located over the breast and back regions
of the body, may be inflated by either self-contained carbon dioxide cartridges
activated by the pulling of a cord, or blow tubes with a one-way valve for
inflation by exhalation. Some of the inflatable life jackets also react with the
salt/fresh water, inflating them.
Drifting in open seas and international waters, as encountered by long sea
voyages and military forces, require prolonged survival in water. The life
jackets suited for this purpose are often also equipped with survival kits,
usually containing signalling devices, first-aid kits, food, water, and shark
repellent.
Deep water
PFDs (life jackets) including 'wet' or 'dry'-suits are made that are intended
for long term immersion in cold water. A flotation device known as the Steinke
hood is used as an escape device to ascend from a stranded submarine.
The Mark 10 Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment (SEIE) suit is intended to
allow submariners to escape from much deeper depths than currently possible with
the Steinke Hood. Some United States Navy submarines already have the system,
with an ambitious installation and training schedule in place for the remainder
of the fleet.
Because it is a full body suit, the Mark 10 provides thermal protection once the
wearer reaches the surface, and the British Royal Navy has successfully tested
it at six hundred foot depths. (see Submarines in the United States
Navy#Pressure and escape training and Steinke hood)
Underwater
Main article: Buoyancy compensator
Divers use buoyancy compensators to adjust their buoyancy while underwater and
to provide positive buoyancy in an emergency to bring them to the surface or
keep them at the surface.
Specialized
Specialized lifejackets can also be seen used in a myriad of environments.
Shorter-profile vests are commonly used for kayaking (especially playboating),
and high-buoyant types for river outfitters and other whitewater professionals.
PFDs which include harnesses for tethered rescue work ('live-bait rescue') and
pockets or daisy-chains for the attachment of rescue gear are made for
swiftwater rescue technicians.
History
Origins
Ancient instances of the lifejacket can be traced back to simple blocks of wood
or cork used by Norwegian seamen. The modern lifejacket is generally credited to
one Captain Ward, a Royal National Lifeboat Institution inspector in the United
Kingdom, who, in 1854, created a cork vest to be worn by lifeboat crews for both
weather protection and buoyancy. Reference:Lifejackets.
"Mae West"
The Mae West was a common nickname of a Type B-4 life preserver (inflatable
lifejacket), used during World War II by the Allies. The B-4 was invented by
James F. Boyle. The preserver was khaki color, made of cotton with inflatable
rubber bladders, with dimensions of 27.5" H x 12.75" W x 1.25" D. The nickname
was based on the famously buxom figure of Mae West, one of the most popular
actresses of that period.
Andrew Toti related that his mother was the inspiration for the invention of the
Mae West life vest. He had bought a boat, and his mother was worried because he
couldn't swim. He designed a personal life preserver filled with duck feathers.
However, that was too bulky and heavy, so he used air. Toti sold the rights of
the Mae West life vest to the US War Department in 1936 for US$1,600.
Throwable PFDs
A life preserverThrowable PFDs are often called "life savers", "life preservers"
or "lifebelts" (although the terms "life savers" and "life preservers" can also
refer to lifejackets/vests).
Throwable PFDs are deployed from a vessel or land into nearby water, to give the
recipient buoyancy. They are often provided on ships, docks and other
water-edges in case a person falls in the water. Throwable PFDs are usually
ring-shaped (toroidal). Such a shape is easy to throw to a distressed person,
can be grasped by a hand or hooked arm even in turbulent conditions, and is much
easier to put on in the water than a lifevest.
A new form of throwable PFD, known as a "guidable life preserver," or
"hydrofoil-powered life preserver", is starting to gain widespread acceptance
and use, particularly in the field of swiftwater rescue. Guidable life
preservers serve the same function as a normal throwable life preserver, with
the distinction of being "guidable" or steerable through a simple system of
hydrofoils and ropes. This allows water rescue workers to steer or "guide" the
life preserver out to a person in distress, rather than simply throwing it.
Guidable life preservers are typically capable of greater distances and accuracy
than traditional throwable life preservers, and in some cases can also be used
to transport rescue workers across the water. One example of this new form of
life preserver is the following shore-based swiftwater rescue system.
PFD classification systems
This article or section deals primarily with the United States and Canada and
does not represent a worldwide view of the subject.
Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page.
U.S. Coast Guard
Please see the official website: http://www.uscgboating.org/safety/fedreqs/equ_pfd.htm
The United States Coast Guard rates PFDs in five types.
Type I - offshore life jacket
The model best-suited to open and rough waters, a type I PFD provides more
buoyancy than any other type. The design of a type I PFD allows it to turn most
unconscious wearers into a face-up position with their head out of the water.
This type requires a minimum adult buoyancy of 22 pounds, and because of its
bulk it is generally not comfortable to wear when not on the water. These PFDs
are only used in an emergency. They are typically jacket-shaped but sleeveless,
and usually have multiple ties and belts for closure.
Type II - near shore buoyancy vest
Familiar to anyone who has rented a canoe or other pleasure craft, these are the
bright orange vests also seen on water taxis and the like. They are a reduced
version of the type I PFD, and provide a minimum 15.5 pound buoyancy. They will
usually turn the face of an unconscious person out of the water, but are not as
dependable as type I PFDs for this task. Type II PFDs are used near shore where
a quick rescue is likely. They usually have one belt and one tie.
Type III - flotation aid
Most popular with canoeists, small-boat sailboat racers and kayakers, a type III
PFD is best for conscious wearers who can keep their own faces out of the water.
The minimum buoyancy is 15.5 pounds, but some designs have higher buoyancy
(frequently 17 pounds). Type III PFDs are usually jacket-style and may have
pockets, lashing hooks, tow belts, and other functions that enhance their
application. They typically fit the wearer closely, and many zip or have buckles
to close.
Type IV - throwable devices
Throwable PFDs are designed for areas where there is constant boat traffic and
rescue is immediate. They are commonly ring-shaped, but horseshoe and cushion
type IV PFDs are also made. These are only a backup measure and should generally
be thrown by someone with experience, as it is difficult to aim well, especially
in rougher water. A cushion-style PFD has a buoyancy of 18 pounds, while a
ring-style has a buoyancy of 16.5 pounds.
Type V - special purpose
These PFDs are intended for specific uses, such as whitewater activities or
boardsailing. Their turning performance (keeping an unconscious person face-up)
is rated according to PFD types I, II, and III; some may also require that they
are worn in order to be effective. Type V PFDs come in a variety of styles, from
full-body suits to work vests. Some have a safety harness and some provide
protection against hypothermia (survival suits).
According to the Coast Guard, all recreational boats must carry one wearable PFD
(Type I, II, III or V) per person on board. Boats over sixteen feet in length
are also required to carry a throwable (Type IV) PFD, but canoes and kayaks are
exempt from this rule. Under some circumstances, a throwbag -- a throwable bag
containing floating rope, used to extend a line to a nearby swimmer or boat --
can substitute for a throwable PFD.
PFDs must be approved by the Coast Guard (all PFDs will carry a label indicating
they are USCG-approved; this label should never be removed) and they must also
be in good condition, as well as being an appropriate size for the wearer.
(Child-size PFDs have different buoyancy requirements than adult PFDs.) It is
extremely important that wearable PFDs, if not actually on their designated
person, be at least readily accessible. If an emergency arises, they must be
situated in such a way that they can be easily put on.
Inflatable PFDs are sometimes considered more comfortable to wear, but they
require proper care. They must have a full cylinder and indicators must read
green. There are no Type IV inflatable PFDs, and they are sized only for adults.
Type I and II inflatables have a buoyancy of 34 pounds, and type IIIs have a
buoyancy of 22.5 pounds. There are also type V inflatable models, but their
buoyancy ranges from 22.5 to 34 pounds.
Laws about PFD use vary from state to state. The only federal laws related to
PFD use indicate that they are not required on racing kayaks, racing canoes,
rowing sculls, or racing shells. Many states do require PFDs for towed
activities such as water skiing, as well as when operating personal watercraft,
during whitewater activities, and when sailboarding (even though sailboards are
not technically "boats" according to federal law).
Canada
Lifejackets must be stamped or labeled that they have been approved by the
Canadian Coast Guard or Transport Canada in accordance with the Small Vessel
Regulations. If a standard lifejacket does not fall under the standards
described in the Life Saving Equipment Regulations, it must meet the applicable
standards of the Canadian General Standards Board, the Underwriters Laboratories
of Canada, the Canadian Standards Association, or the Society of Automotive
Engineers. However, a non-resident of Canada may bring aboard a PFD conforming
to the applicable laws of his home country. PFDs intended for children are
specifically required to meet the standards established in the Personal
Flotation Devices for Children standard from the CGSB. Standards for ring-type
lifebuoys are established in the SVR, Schedule III, sections 4 through 14.
Pleasure craft no longer than six meters must carry an appropriately-sized PFD
for each person on board, and a "buoyant heaving line" (throwbag) of at least 15
meters. If every person on board is wearing an appropriately-sized PFD, then
additional devices are not required on personal watercraft or paddleboats. In
addition to lifejackets or PFDs for each person on board, pleasure craft between
six and eight meters must carry a 15-meter buoyant line attached to a throwbag
or ring-type lifebuoy; those up to 12 meters must carry both a throwbag and
lifebuoy. On boats up to 20 meters, the lifebuoy must be equipped with a light
and buoyant line; boats over 20 meters require an additional lifebuoy.
The Small Vessel Regulations require inherently buoyant lifejackets be worn by
sailboarders, in personal watercraft, for whitewater paddling, and by
individuals under the age of 16 or smaller than 36.3 kg (80 lb).
Inflatable PFDs are permitted to be worn on open boats and when the individual
is on the deck of a boat that is not open. Sailboarders may not use
automatically inflatable PFDs.
Exceptions to the lifejacket requirements state that infants under 9 kg (20 lb)
and persons with a chest size greater than 140 cm (55 in) are not required to
have lifejackets carried on board pleasure craft. Exceptions are also made for
rowing shells, racing canoes, and racing kayaks while they are in formal
training or official competition, but only if an accompanying safety craft
carries a PFD for each member of the crew. Sailboarders need not wear PFDs if
they are involved in an official competition that includes a safety boat
carrying PFDs for emergency use.
RuneScape has often been one of
the top massive online role playing games. It is a unique game. But, with a
unique game, comes unique players. Players get bored, and then try to develop
cheats....autos or bots that will help them achieve success in their beloved
games of Runescape 2.
RuneScape is a virtual world which
is divided into two part: Members Areas and Non-Members areas. People who pay to
play (p2p), receive access to the special areas. They also have access to the
free areas. The members' places are much larger, offer "better" items for the
gameplay of rs2, and much, much more. The character that you create when you
first start playing runescape, moves around the game on foot; either by running,
or walking. Players are challenged to their utmost skills by fighting new
monsters, completing difficult quests, and manipulating marketing. As Runescape
2 is an RPG (Role playing game), there is no set path a person must take to play
rs. They can choose what to do, and when, whether it be training their
money-making skills, or fighting another player. Players usually interact with
each other by chatting through public chat, or private chat.Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and More IJFG.COM IJFG.com
was a runescape 2 based site. They have now, however, taken another look....
Of
course the king of all game cheating websites is
trick the trik (otherwise known as RPG Cheats Site), where you can find
cheat forums, mmorpg topsite, arcade games and any mmo game related topics.
The master of massive multiplayer
online role-playing games (MMORPG) cheats can be found at Trik.com
Trik.com; this site is one of the best today. The forum section,
Trik.com forum, originally came from IJFG.com (Internet Junction For
Gamers) , which was one of the best websites that discussed various gamers'
issues. The full name was Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and
More. This site had Jokes, Pranks, RuneScape and other cool games. RuneScape is
set in a medieval fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or "EverQuest," where
players control character representations of themselves. As with most MMORPG,
there is no overall objective or end to the game. Players explore, form
alliances, perform optional tasks, and complete quests for rewards and to build
characters' skills.
Trik.com continues IJFG.com's
success, but Trik.com has more to offer. Trik Topsite can be found at
Trik Topsite; the TopSite is a great addition if you want to find the best
MMO RPG site(s) or raise your site in the rankings. Trik.com also has a
viciously competitive Arcade. If you want to be the #1 Arcade on Trik, then come
prove yourself at Trik.com arcade:
Trik arcade. Trik.com – Trik.com/topsite – Trik.com/forum/arcade.php
With the rising popularity of
commercial MMORPG games came the desire from ardent players of these games to
run their own servers beside the ones run by the game's creator. Since the
original server software is not usually available, the behavior of the server
has to be re-engineered. This can be done by analyzing the data stream with the
original server, or by disassembling and analyzing the client which is
available.
Ultima Online was one of the first
large MMORPGs. Due to its openness in implementation, server emulators arose
very quickly, even during the beta stage of development. The destination to
which the client connects was changeable by simply editing a text file. In beta
stage the client-server data stream was not encrypted yet. The term server
emulator became known through Ultima Online server reimplementation such as UOX,
which was the pioneer. Many forks and reimplementations followed UOX, because
its source code was released under the GNU General Public License relatively
early. RunUO is today the most widely used UO-server emulator. After RuneScape
implemented anti-cheating measures, many gamers left and started their own
private servers. The best place to discuss the private server is at
Trik- The Master of Private Server.
Another useful site is
Rune Web ruwb.com . This site is about more serious RuneScape gold trading,
account exchange, gold for real life cash and many services. It includes tips on
how to avoid getting lured/scammed while using the marketplace. For programming,
visual basics, java, C/C++, scar and all other languages such as PHP, HTML, ASP,
Delphi. There are also sections for graphics talents, plus many cool videos and
fun stuff.
A defining moment in internet
gaming history was when a group of gamers called (hygo 7) decided to start an
ultimate game forum, which they named
hygo.com. It has the best financial backing, the friendliest game community,
and the highest quality of information. Currently Hygo.com has entered a new
phase...Hygo.com is offering the best private server game. With thousands of
members, Hygo.com is your next place to visit, as they have an amazing game with
a community and economy.
Hygo.com - The Online Adventure Game. is definitely one of the top sites you want to join right
now!
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